“拉索”首次“看清”黑洞如何产生宇宙最高能粒子
2026-07-31
How do black holes accelerate particles to the highest energy in the universe? The latest research provides the answer. On July 31, the reporter learned from the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that the high-altitude cosmic ray observatory (LHAASO, "Lasso"), a major national scientific and technological infrastructure, "saw" for the first time the process of the black hole, like a metronome, regularly generating the highest energy particles in the universe when it devoured the companion matter, and certified the first electron beat gamma ray source change. The relevant research results were published in the National Science Review.
Cygnus X-3 is a binary system located in the constellation Cygnus, consisting of a black hole and a massive companion star. The gravity there is extremely strong, and the black hole will crazily suck on the stellar wind blown by its companion star. Lasso detected that the gamma rays emitted by the system have extremely high energy, corresponding to cosmic ray particles with an energy of at least 30PeV (electron volts), far exceeding current theoretical expectations and becoming the highest energy particle accelerator in the known universe to date.
"We like to see the 'super burp' of a black hole when it eats, and it is regular." Li Cong, the co corresponding author of the paper and associate researcher of the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the law is reflected in two levels: one is that the ultra-high energy burst seen by "Lasso" is highly synchronized with the low-energy burst seen by the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope. When the low-energy is bright, the high-energy burst is also bright, and when the low-energy is dark, the high-energy burst is completely extinguished; Secondly, this signal will change rhythmically with a period of 4.8 hours, which happens to be the time when the black hole and its companion star orbit each other once.
With this "beat", researchers from the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutions accurately positioned the region of accelerating particles of the black hole within the scale of only about 3 solar radii. This is the most accurate positioning of ultra-high energy cosmic particle accelerators by humans to date.
Seeing how black holes periodically accelerate particles to such extreme high energies means that we are no longer just taking static photos of the universe, but can now shoot high-definition movies, "said Li Cong. This discovery opens up the field of ultra-high energy time-domain astronomy and opens up new avenues for exploring the extreme gravity, magnetic fields, and matter states near black holes. At present, this achievement has attracted high attention in the field of astrophysics and has become one of the hottest topics discussed at various professional conferences internationally. (Looking into the New Era)
Edit:He ChenXi Responsible editor:Tang WanQi
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