Achieving high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology is an inevitable requirement for mastering the lifeline of technology seizing the initiative in development, and it is the key to building Chinese modernization. Winning the battle for core technologies is an important component of accelerating the realization of high-level sreliance and self-strengthening in science and technology. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must enhance our sense of responsibility and crisis, abandon illusions, face reality sely, win the battle for core technologies, and accelerate the breakthrough of 'stranglehold' technologies in key fields." The Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan makes arrangs for "accelerating high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology to lead the development of new quality productive forces," proposing to "focus on strategically contd fields and weak links in industrial and supply chains, take extraordinary measures, and drive the entire chain to achieve decisive breakthroughs in the research and development of key core technologies in key fis integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and bio-manufacturing."

Judging from the objectives and tasks outlined in the "15th Five-Year Plan," the term "accelerate" is a direct res to the fact that the situation where China is constrained by others in key core technologies in certain fields has not been fundamentally changed, reflecting a distinct sense of urgency and practical orientation; el" embodies the requirements for quality and hierarchy in achieving self-reliance and strength in science and technology, implying not only decisive breakthroughs in technical research in several fields but also the continuoemergence of landmark original achievements to significantly enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. In reality, while China's science and technology undertakings have achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic traormations in recent years, there remains a gap between the current state and the goal of high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology, primarily manifested in the persistent rk of being "strangled" in key core technologies. Analyzing the reasons, this includes the inherent characteristics of scientific and technological innovation—especially basic research and frontier technology breakthroughs— long cycles, high risks, and high uncertainty, as well as the current lack of smooth collaboration among different entities within China's innovation system and the insufficiently tight connection between basrch, applied research, and the transformation of results. This implies that for key core technologies in certain priority areas, conventional investment and operational models are insufficient to support the overall acceleration of innovations; therefore, unconventional measures must be adopted to drive decisive breakthroughs in key core technology research across the entire chain.

It should be recognized that extraordinary measures are not a simple superposition of existing policy tools, nor are they a linear intensification along traditionalopment paths; rather, they represent a holistic reshaping of resource allocation methods, process organization mechanisms, and innovation ecosystems. Provided that forward-looking and leading layouts are made and directiond goals are accurately selected, adopting extraordinary measures can adjust the pace and mode of innovation investment, reconstruct the organizational structure and collaborative mechanisms of the innovation system, and form cross-domain and cross-entcapabilities. This allows for better leveraging of the advantages of China's socialist system in concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks, concentrating efforts to overcome a batch of "hard technologies" that drive tcal progress and industrial upgrading, consolidating the foundation for the deep integration of technological and industrial innovation, and driving the overall upgrade of the innovation system through breakthroughs in kreas. In the process of resolving deep-seated constraints, this approach enables us to gain the initiative, shape new advantages, and achieve major leaps. Specific efforts should be made in the followg areas.
Adopt extraordinary measures regarding resource allocation. Strong investment in science and technology is a necessary condition for supporting frontier technology fields and the development of future industries; its intensity concerns not onale but also directly affects the stable expectations and continuous rhythm of innovation activities. Furthermore, extraordinary resource allocation implies breaking the pattern of average and scattered investment, forming higher-density resource aggregation in strategi directions, and establishing long-term and stable investment mechanisms to ensure the continuous accumulation of innovation capabilities in key areas. To this end, it is necessary to increase investment in scientific and technologicalion, improve the allocation and management mechanisms for central fiscal science and technology funds, and enhance investment performance; accelerate the optimization of innovation resource allocation, and improve innovation mechanisms featuring central-localand regional synergy; strengthen the principal status of enterprises in R&D investment, increase financial support for science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and guide enterprises to increase their R&nt intensity.
Focus on process organization to adopt extraordinary measures. Systematic innovation capability is an integrated, synergistic, and sustainable capabili by breaking down horizontal and vertical barriers. Enhancing systematic innovation capability not only overcomes the fragmentation limitations of traditional innovation models, breaks down systemic barriers between regions, entities, and indand achieves seamless integration between technological and industrial innovation, basic and applied research, and technological breakthroughs and the transformation of results, but also effectively avoids issues such as long feedback chains, sponse cycles, and repeated detours in innovation activities at critical stages, thereby improving the operational efficiency and risk resistance of the innovation system. It is necessary to optimize the organizational mechanisechnological innovation, enhance synergy among multiple departments, fields, teams, and disciplines, and carry out joint breakthroughs in key core technologies. In strategic and frontier fields such as artificial inted integrated circuits, resources from universities, enterprises, research institutions, and innovation platforms should be gathered in an extraordinary manner to accelerate the gathering and cultivation of world-class leading talents in science anechnology.
Focus on the innovation ecosystem to adopt extraordinary measures. Original innovation and breakthroughs in key core technologies are highly uncertain; if risk-sharing mechanisms are unbalanced and positive incentive meisms are unsound, innovation entities tend to be conservative and find it difficult to continuously challenge high-difficulty areas. Continuously optimizing the innovation ecosystem and implementing a series of incentives for technologica innovation, as well as innovating mechanisms for talent cultivation, evaluation, mobility, incentives, recruitment, and support, can maximize the stimulation of the "original driving force" of talenton, creating a vibrant situation where the creative vitality of all types of talent bursts forth. It is necessary to link the innovation of incentive and evaluation mechanisms, increase rewards for researchers and innon teams that achieve major scientific and technological innovation results and make outstanding contributions, and further guide researchers to focus on national strategic needs to carry out high-quality, original, and disruptive scientific and technologican activities. Researchers should be granted greater autonomy in research and the use of funds, support policies and market services for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements should be improved, and ref empowerment of job-related scientific and technological achievements and the separate management of assets should be advanced to enhance the efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological a